The combination of reporting bias and underpowered study designs has substantially exaggerated the motor learning benefits of self-controlled practice and enhanced expectancies: A meta-analysis

Enhanced expectancies and autonomy-support through self-controlled practice conditions form the motivation pillar of OPTIMAL theory (Wulf & Lewthwaite, 2016). The influence of these practice variables on motor learning was recently evaluated in two separate meta-analyses. Both meta-analyses found that the published literature suggested a moderate and significant benefit on motor learning; however, evidence for reporting bias was found in …