Radiation and chemical induced genomic instability as a driver for environmental evolution

The “nontargeted effects” of ionizing radiation, including bystander effects and genomic instability, predominate after low dose exposures and dominate response outcomes. These effects are unique in that no classic mutagenic event occurs in the cell showing the effect. In the case of bystander effects, cells which were not in the field affected by the radiation show high levels of mutations, chromosome aberrations, ROS, and membrane signaling …