The developing world will not only see the largest global rise in aging populations (60+) by 2050, but will also experience aging at a much faster rate than will the developed world. At the same time, the developing world is contending with limited social and political support for aging populations, disproportionate burdens of disease in old age, and increasing impacts of climate change, which will all pose specific risks for older populations. While these factors will play out differently, we know they will profoundly impact the well-being of elderly individuals in different places. Geographers have contributed substantially to our understanding of aging in the developed world, yet until now, have not comprehensively addressed aging in developing world contexts. The primary challenge for geographers in addressing these issues involves critical geographic inquiry and an epistemological plurality capable of explaining the complexity of global aging in order to guide policy and practice designed to protect the well-being of older individuals.