Electron microscopy and the study of microstructure and domain structure of magnetic materials

Five different electron optical techniques to characterize magnetic domains and domain walls in ferromagnetic materials are reviewed. It is shown that one can choose one or more of these techniques to solve a given problem depending on the nature of the information needed, the resolution level desired and the sophistication of the instrument available. Lorentz microscopy in a transmission electron microscope is a clear choice for most problems …