Regenerating heavily biofouled dissolved oxygen sensors using bacterial viruses

Bacterial biofilms are aggregates of bacterial cells embedded in a self-produced extracellular polymeric matrix. Biofilm formation has always been considered a major challenge for sensors used in underwater measurements, and is a primary source of measurement error, especially when it comes to long-term in situ monitoring. We demonstrate the utility of lytic bacteriophages (bacterial viruses) as a non-invasive strategy for removing bacterial …