The Influence of Lance Orientation and Gas Evolution on Particle-Liquid Contact During Submerged Powder Injection

Thermal similarity criteria for submerged powder injection into liquid metals were developed. It was calculated that direct particle-liquid contact is by far the most important mechanism for particle heating. Therefore, the bath cooling rate during powder injection is an indicator of particle-liquid contact. Using the similarity criteria it was shown that the decomposition of calcium carbonate or vaporization of magnesium or calcium in iron or …