The innate alarm system: A translational approach

The innate alarm system responds adaptively to imminent threat. Perceived danger is processed subconsciously, without the need for conscious appraisal of the stimulus, facilitating this rapid response. Here, we review research implementing preclinical, animal models to investigate behavioral defensive responses and to identify the underlying neurocircuitry phylogenetically conserved for survival in mammals and humans. Studies on subconscious …