Group identity and urban space: The North American experience

This chapter focuses on geopolitical divisions and the ways in which they have shaped the historic conflict between Basque nationalists and the Spanish state. It traces the development of Basque nationalism which was created at the end of the 19th century- a conservative reaction against the belated centralization of the Spanish state and against the industrialization of the major Basque city of Bilbao. The chapter sketches the ambivalence of …