Breaking up is Hard to Do: The Heartbreak of Dichotomizing Continuous Data

Researchers often take variables that are measured on a continuum and then break them into categories (for example, above or below some cut-point), either to place subjects into groups or as an outcome measure. In this article, we show that the rationales given for this practice are weak and that categorization results in lost information, reduced power of statistical tests, and increased probability of a Type II error. Dichotomizing a …