Increased pitch velocity and workload are common risk factors for ulnar collateral ligament injury in baseball players: a systematic review

Abstract

Importance Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries commonly occur in baseball players. Strategies for injury prevention have long been accepted without clinical data informing which risk factors lead to serious injury. Objective The objective of this study was to systematically review the impact of various pitching-related risk factors for UCL injury in baseball players from all levels of play. Evidence review The electronic databases MEDLINE, …