Most exercise physiology research has shown that women oxidize proportionately more lipid and less carbohydrate and protein as compared to men during endurance exercise. To date, most of the sports nutrition literature has not considered the implications of gender differences in metabolism on nutritional recommendations. Consequently, most nutritional recommendations and exercise training prescriptions are based upon data collected with male subjects that were extrapolated to women. The three areas where there have been a few studies regarding gender differences in nutritional/supplement recommendations include carbohydrate (CHO) nutrition, protein requirements and creatine (CrM) supplementation. We have shown that women did not carbohydrate load in response to an increase in dietary carbohydrate intake (carbohydrate loading) when expressed as a percentage of total energy intake (i.e., 55 → 75%). However, if women consumed carbohydrate expressed relative to total (>8 g CHO·kg-1·d-1) or fat-free mass (&10 g CHO·kg-1 FFM·d-1), they were able to increase their muscle glycogen content, but only to about 50% of the magnitude seen for men. In contrast, women are able to oxidize slightly more exogenous carbohydrate (i.e., glucose drinks) during endurance exercise as compared to men. The consumption of carbohydrate and protein shortly after exercise spares protein loss, enhances glycogen re-synthesis and enhances endurance exercise performance in women as well as men. Top sport male and female athletes require more dietary protein as compared to sedentary persons. The maximal requirement for elite male athletes is about 100%, and for elite female athletes is about 50-60%, above that for a sedentary person or recreational athlete. Women showed less of an increase in fat-free mass (∼400 g) following acute CrM loading as compared to men (∼1200 g) in spite of identical increases in intra-muscular creatine and phosphocreatine concentration. Women also did not show reductions in protein breakdown or amino acid oxidation in response to CrM loading, whereas men did. Conversely, women and men appear to derive similar improvements in high intensity exercise performance following CrM loading. Further research is needed in order to derive gender specific nutritional/supplement recommendations in all areas of sport.