Cognitive Risk Control for Mitigating Cyber-Attack in Smart Grid

In this paper, we extend our previous research on uniting the Cognitive Dynamic Systems (CDS) and the Smart Grid (SG) by introducing Cognitive Risk Control (CRC). The CDS is a structured physical model and research tool inspired by certain features of the brain. The CRC is an advanced feature of the CDS that embodies the concept of predictive adaptation allowing it to bring risk under control in situations involving unexpected or abnormal uncertainty such as a cyber-attack. The False Data Injection (FDI) attack is a special class of cyber-attack targeting the SG that is able to bypass the traditional bad data detection techniques. Here we will demonstrate how the entropic state, which is the objective function of the CDS, is able to detect and bring FDI attacks under control under the action of CRC. Through Task-Switch control, the CDS is able to switch on a new executive with different set of actions that affects the system configuration to bring the risk under control during an attack. With the CDS acting as the supervisor of the SG, simulations are carried out on a 4 bus-system and IEEE 14-bus system to demonstrate the capability of CRC when faced with FDI attacks. The results show that this system has great potential for future SG systems.