Calcium and titanium as impurity getter metals in purification of silicon

In this paper, the results of solvent refining experiments are described with primary focus on the removal of boron and phosphorus from silicon. Either calcium or titanium was melted with metallurgical grade silicon to form an alloy phase into which impurity elements are rejected. The melt was then slow cooled to allow solid Si to separate from the mixture. The solidified sample was crushed to liberate the alloy phase before leaching in acid to …