Gastrointestinal food hypersensitivity: Basic mechanisms of pathophysiology

Gastrointestinal symptoms occur in a large number of patients with food allergies. Immediate hypersensitivity mechanisms may give rise to the nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea experienced by these patients. However, there are limited human data about the pathophysiological basis for these symptoms. Most of the available information comes from a variety of animal models. This article reviews the literature using models of intestinal food hypersensitivity, as well as human studies, that have contributed to our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms in gastrointestinal food hypersensitivity.