Exploring the characteristics, global distribution and reasons for retraction of published articles involving human research participants: a literature survey

AIM: Article retraction is a measure taken by journals or authors where there is evidence of research misconduct or error, redundancy, plagiarism or unethical research. Recently, the retraction of scientific publications has been on the rise. In this survey, we aimed to describe the characteristics and distribution of retracted articles and the reasons for retractions. METHODS: We searched retracted articles on the PubMed database and …