Magnetic Nanocomposites: Preparation and Characterization of Polymer-Coated Iron Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles bearing a strongly bound polymer coating were formed by the thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl in the presence of ammonia and polymeric dispersants. The dispersants consist of polyisobutylene, polyethylene, or polystyrene chains functionalized with tetraethylenepentamine, a short polyethyleneimine chain. Polystyrene-based dispersants were prepared with both graft and block copolymer architectures. Inorganic−organic core−shell nanoparticles were formed with all three types of dispersants. In addition, more complex particles were observed in the case of the polystyrene-based dispersants in 1-methylnaphthalene. The core material was identified as metallic iron, while the particle shells are formed from the polymeric dispersant which binds to the core. High-resolution TEM revealed evidence for crystallization within the polymer shell, possibly facilitated by chain alignment upon binding. The nanocomposites display room-temperature magnetic behavior ranging from superparamagnetic to ferromagnetic. The saturation magnetization and coercivity were found to depend on the diameter of the iron core.