Cigarette smoking and the outcomes of in vitro fertilization: measurement of effect size and levels of action

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether cigarette smoking in women or men affects the outcomes of IVF-ET and at what functional levels smoking is active. INTERVENTIONS: Demographic and smoking data were collected by questionnaire at the onset of consecutive treatment cycles (n = 462) and at the time of ET. In addition to routine endocrine and clinical data, circulating immunoreactive inhibin, follicular fluid E2 endometrial thickness, and morphology were …