Longwave emission from a plant/soil surface as a function of the view direction: Dependence on the canopy architecture

We examine the longwave emission from a structured surface: soil partially covered by an incomplete (not very dense) plane-parallel canopy. The soil (seen through the gaps) is assumed to be at uniform temperature and warmer than the plants. Different canopy architectures are constructed by varying the ratio kappa of the projection of the vertical elements (thin cylinders, or blades with a uniform distribution in azimuth) to the area of the …