Microbiology of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia

The microbiology of hospital-acquired pneumonia reflects the pathogenesis and risk factors associated with both the disease itself and the various pathogens. The etiologic agents include aerobic gram-negative bacilli such as the Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp., as well as grampositive cocci such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Other bacterial pathogens that may …