Biological continuity between the A‐ and C‐groups in lower Nubia: Evidence from cranial non‐metric traits

Abstract Data are presented on 45 cranial non‐metric traits in skeletal samples of the Lower Nubian A‐Group (ca. 3100–2500 BC) and C‐Group (ca. 2000–1500 BC) cultural periods. Results, based on the mean measure of divergence statistic, reveal biological continuity, consistent with interpretations of in situ evolution as opposed to models of discontinuity resulting from gene flow. Any differences between the A‐and C‐Group cultural phases that may be evident in the archaeological record are therefore more likely the result of local cultural evolution, rather than the introduction of new ideas, customs, and materials through the migration of a new population into this area. The problem of small samples necessitates that our results be accepted cautiously.