Ethical Considerations Regarding Global Surgery Experiences in Canadian General Surgery Residencies: A Preliminary Discussion

OBJECTIVE: Recently, there has been an explosion of interest in global surgery (GS) among students, residents and surgeons. However, little information exists regarding the ethical landscape of GS in general surgery residencies. Using an American College of Physicians position paper on the ethical obligations of global health experiences as a reference, this study provides a preliminary discussion of how GS experiences in Canadian residencies compare to the American College of Physicians-proposed ethical standards. DESIGN: The Program Director (PD) at each Canadian general surgery residency program was invited to a complete an online survey. RESULTS: All 17 PDs participated. Relative to the position paper, very few PDs included underserved settings in high income countries in their definitions of GS. Only 7 of 15 programs offer predeparture training for residents. Similarly, funding was available at less than half of all institutions. There is a need for the development of frameworks to assess the ethics of GS programs. Similarly, mechanisms on how to build relationships that are maximally beneficial for the stakeholders in resource-limited environments are not yet well established. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to look at the ethical GS landscape in general surgery residencies across Canada. This study may assist other residencies in the development and tailoring of ethical GS programs. These results show the need for further characterization of the training, development and monitoring of GS programs.