Chapter 2.3.5 Hydrogen Steelmaking

Hydrogen steelmaking is emerging as one of transformative pathways to decarbonize one of the most carbon-intensive industries globally. This chapter explores the role of hydrogen as a reductant in iron and steel production, starting with discussing the key drivers behind its adoption and the fundamental thermodynamic principles governing the reduction of iron oxides using hydrogen. It then provides an overview of various approaches for decarbonizing the steel industry through hydrogen integration, highlighting the progress, key projects, and challenges associated with each pathway. The chapter also explores potential future scenarios for the implementation of hydrogen in steelmaking. By addressing barriers such as hydrogen availability, infrastructure requirements, and process optimization, it offers a holistic view of the industry's transition toward sustainability.