Core GRADE 5: rating certainty of evidence—assessing indirectness

This fifth article in a seven part series presents the Core GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach to systematic reviews, clinical practice guidelines, and health technology assessments and addresses issues of indirect evidence. Guideline developers and health technology assessment practitioners must carefully specify the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO)—their target PICO—and …