Sternomastoid Tumour of Infancy and Congenital Muscular Torticollis

Sternomastoid tumour is one of the causes of congenital muscular torticollis that can present with distorted head and neck posture, craniofacial deformities, breastfeeding difficulty and poor sensorineural outcomes. All children with sternomastoid tumour should be thoroughly examined for associated conditions. Congenital muscular torticollis is a clinical diagnosis that does not require other investigations, but differential diagnoses should be considered and investigated in the absence of sternomastoid mass or nonresolving torticollis after nonoperative treatment. More than 90% of the cases resolve with an adequately supervised passive stretching exercise programme; however, surgery is indicated in late presentation (>1 year), persistent limitation of neck rotation with head tilt and progressive facial asymmetry.