Technoeconomic analysis of low-emission steelmaking using hydrogen thermal plasma

Hydrogen thermal plasma has been identified as a possible breakthrough pathway for low-CO2-emission steelmaking, but it remains unclear whether it can be economically competitive with other low-emission alternatives. This study develops a static mass and energy flow model of three plasma-based steelmaking processes, and investigates the performance required to be economically competitive with the more established hydrogen direct reduction – …