Advancing Vulnerable Road Users Safety: Interdisciplinary Review on V2X Communication and Trajectory Prediction

The advancements in Intelligent Transportation Systems have brought a heightened focus on safety, driven by innovative solutions like Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, Advanced Driver Assistance Systems(ADAS), and Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS). Ensuring the safety of vulnerable road users (VRUs) remains a top priority in the transportation sector, and harnessing these cutting-edge technologies offers immense potential to address this concern effectively. This collaborative approach greatly enhances VRUs safety, reduces accidents, and promotes efficient and sustainable mobility. This paper reviews the latest developments in V2X technology, emphasizing its role in improving VRU safety. It explores current V2X standards, use cases on VRU safety, and the evolving research landscape, particularly in trajectory prediction models. These models are critical for foreseeing potential collisions and mitigating V2X-based data transmission delays. Trajectory prediction models can also offer a promising solution to ongoing challenges such as data association, scalability, and bandwidth requirements. By focusing on trajectory prediction, this paper highlights the vital role of predictive analytics in safeguarding vulnerable road users and advancing transportation safety.