Experimentally validated inverse design of multi-property Fe-Co-Ni alloys

This study presents a machine learning (ML) framework aimed at accelerating the discovery of multi-property optimized Fe-Ni-Co alloys, addressing the time-consuming, expensive, and inefficient nature of traditional methods of material discovery, development, and deployment. We compiled a detailed heterogeneous database of the magnetic, electrical, and mechanical properties of Fe-Co-Ni alloys, employing a novel ML-based imputation strategy to address gaps in property data. Leveraging this comprehensive database, we developed predictive ML models using tree-based and neural network approaches for optimizing multiple properties simultaneously. An inverse design strategy, utilizing multi-objective Bayesian optimization (MOBO), enabled the identification of promising alloy compositions. This approach was experimentally validated using high-throughput methodology, highlighting alloys such as Fe_66.8Co₂₈Ni_5.2 and Fe_61.9Co_22.8Ni_15.3, which demonstrated superior properties. The predicted properties data closely matched experimental data within 14% accuracy. Our approach can be extended to a broad range of materials systems to predict novel materials with an optimized set of properties.