A Comprehensive Review of Cloud-Based Lithium-Ion Battery Management Systems for Electric Vehicle Applications

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are crucial in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating climate change. However, their adoption is hindered by range anxiety, high costs, and inadequate charging infrastructure. Battery Management Systems (BMS) are essential for EV efficiency, but current systems face limitations such as restricted computational resources and non-updatable software. Cloud computing offers a promising solution by providing enhanced computational power and storage. This paper reviews recent research on cloud-based BMS frameworks and applications, in addition to available industry solutions. The review is coupled with a review of the recent cloud developments, combining both reviews to reach a list of research gaps and suggested future work. The findings emphasize the need for improved online learning applications, connectivity, and security. Future work should focus on integrating recent cloud developments to enhance BMS functionality and reliability.