The performance and charge behaviour in melter/smelter for the production of hot metal in hydrogen DRI-based steelmaking

Direct reduced iron (DRI)-based steelmaking requires high-grade iron ore (Fe > 65 wt-%). However, a swift decline in ore grade has forced steelmakers to use lower-grade ores for DRI making, creating challenges in subsequent processes dealing with high gangue content for steelmaking. Hence, an intermediate melting/smelting furnace has been proposed to treat high gangue content from the DRI before transferring hot metal into an electric arc …