keywords Acute stress CORTISOL RESPONSE DEPRESSION GENDER-DIFFERENCES Gambling disorder HEART-RATE Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis IMPULSIVITY INDIVIDUALS Life Sciences & Biomedicine NEUROENDOCRINE RESPONSE Neurosciences Neurosciences & Neurology PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLERS PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS Problem gambling Psychiatry Science & Technology Stress physiology Sympathetic nervous system VULNERABILITY