Iron Oxide Direct Reduction and Iron Nitride Formation Using Ammonia: Review and Thermodynamic Analysis

The steel industry is one of the main contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions, responsible for about 7 to 9% of the world’s total output. The steel sector is under pressure to move toward net-zero emissions by reducing its consumption of coke as the main method of reducing iron-rich feed materials to iron. Due to its well-developed synthesis process, high supply chain, straightforward handling technologies, and highly developed …