Analyzing Gene Expression After Administration of Low‐Intensity Therapeutic Ultrasound in Human Islet Cells

OBJECTIVES: Diabetes mellitus is a complex heterogenous metabolic disease that significantly affects the world population. Although many treatments exist, including medications such as metformin, sulfonylureas, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP) receptor agonist, there is growing interest in finding alternative methods to noninvasively treat this disease. It has been previously shown that low-intensity ultrasound stimulation of pancreatic β-cells in mice can elicit insulin secretion as a potential treatment for this disease. This is desirable as therapeutic ultrasound has the ability to induce bioeffects while selectively focusing deep within tissues, allowing for modulation of hormone secretion in the pancreas to mitigate insufficient levels of insulin. METHODS: Exactly 800 kHz ultrasound with intensity 0.5 W/cm² was administered 5 minutes continuously, that is, 100% duty cycle, to donor pancreatic human islets, followed by 1 hour incubation and RT-qPCR to assess the effect of ultrasound stimulation on gene expression. The genes were insulin (INS), glucagon (Glu), amylin (Amy), and binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP). Nine donor pancreatic human islets were used to assess insulin and glucagon secretion, while eight samples were used for amylin and BiP. Fold change (FC) was calculated to analyze the effect of ultrasound stimulation on the gene expression of the donor islet cells. High-glucose and thapsigargin-treated islets were utilized as positive controls. Cell viability testing was done using a Trypan Blue Exclusion Test. RESULTS: Ultrasound stimulation did not cause a statistically significant upregulation in any of the tested genes (INS FC = 1.15, P-value = .5692; Glu FC = 1.60, P-value = .2231; Amy FC, P-value = .2863; BiP FC = 2.68, P-value = .3907). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that the proposed ultrasound treatment parameters do not appear to significantly affect gene expression of any gene tested.