RACISMS: THE REACTIONS TO CHINESE MIGRANTS IN CANADA AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY

Chinese migration to the province of British Columbia, Canada, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries occurred in the context of a shortage of labour. Two classes of Chinese migrated to Canada: unfree wage labourers and petit bourgeois traders, merchants and commodity producers. Both classes were the subjects of a process of racialisation to the extent that social significance was attached to patterns of phenotypical …