Relationship Between the Metabolic Syndrome and BPH-Related Voiding Dysfunction

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a commonly occurring condition, affecting a vast number of men worldwide, and particularly in North America. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are the bothersome consequences of bladder outlet obstruction that can result from BPH, and are likely to reduce the quality of life of individuals afflicted by this condition. The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a condition characterized by a constellation of inter-related clinical findings that have recently increased in frequency. Recent studies have suggested that the MetS may be a contributor to BPH. Important associations between BPH and MetS include the relationship between LUTS and increased body habitus, as measured by obesity and waist circumference. Cardiovascular risk factors, which are important components of the MetS, may also be associated with BPH. The exact pathophysiology and mechanisms of these relationships however are yet to be determined. Likely contenders include a pro-inflammatory state, changes in testosterone level, and increased autonomic activity.