Improved Rank-Modulation Codes for DNA Storage With Shotgun Sequencing

A common method for reading information stored in DNA molecules is shotgun sequencing. This method outputs a histogram of the frequencies of all the molecules’ substrings of a given length $\ell $ . To protect against noisy readings, the rank-modulation scheme encodes the information in the relative ranking of the substring frequencies, instead of their absolute values. However, the best rank-modulation codes for shotgun sequencing have low …