Less is more, Choosing wisely, Smarter medicine : perspectives and issues.

The « Choosing Wisely » initiative aims to reduce overtreatment by issuing specific lists of recommendations. These campaigns have spread around the world over the last ten years, including in Switzerland, under the brand « Smarter Medicine ». The methodology used by different medical societies to issue these recommendations remains heterogeneous and heavily consensus-based and could benefit from a better synergy with the recent development of Evidence-Based Medicine and GRADE. Patient partnership, and reflections regarding economic and sustainability issues represent future avenues to enhance the potential impacts of such campaigns.