Vertebral anatomy

The spine consists of bones, ligaments, discs, blood vessels, and nerves. Injury to any of these components can result in significant functional decline. Thus, a detailed understanding of spinal anatomy is the foundation for diagnosing and intervening upon injuries. This chapter focuses on the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions of the spine and covers important anatomical components therein. Dysfunction or pain can result, as will be seen, …