The translocation trade-off for eastern sand darter (Ammocrypta pellucida): balancing harm to source populations with the goal of re-establishment1

The use of translocations to recover populations requires a sufficiently large number of individuals from source populations, but removing too many individuals could lead to source population collapse. To understand the trade-off between the probabilities of source population extirpation and translocation success, matrix population models that incorporate Allee effects, density dependence, and demographic and environmental stochasticity were …