Phytoremediation Eco-models Using Indigenous Macrophytes and Phytomaterials

Identifying the sources of pollution and reducing the levels of contamination to improve water quality is a key priority to ensure long term water security for states and nations. However, advanced water treatment technologies are still economically burdening for many developing countries, including Africa, putting human health at risk. Implementation of Nature-based Solutions (NbS), as cost effective alternative for water treatment is becoming widespread. We present a review the potential of phytomaterials as a NbS approach for the treatment of water and wastewater, and along with brief analysis of phyto-filtration and phyto-coagulation technologies. Using a case study approach, we illustrate an integrated eco-model that embeds local and indigenous knowledge with the scientific exercise, in order to design a community managed water and wastewater treatment systems. The model could serve as a low-cost NbS solutions in the African context, as well as, in other developing countries.