Use of an mfo‐directed toxicity identification evaluation to isolate and characterize bioactive impurities from a lampricide formulation

Abstract Recently, a field formulation of the lampricide containing 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) was identified as a potent inducer of mixed-function oxygenase (MFO) detoxification enzymes in fish. It was further shown that induction was not associated with primary formulation ingredients. Using a toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) approach based on rainbow trout hepatic MFO activity, the TFM field formulation was investigated to …