Quantifying Impacts of Pulp Mill Effluent on Fish in Canadian Marine and Estuarine Environments: Problems and Progress

Abstract Amendments to the federal Pulp and Paper Effluent Regulations in effect since 1992, require mills in Canada discharging effluent to an aquatic receiving environment to conduct an Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM) Program to determine whether existing regulations adequately protect fish, fish habitat and use of fisheries resources. As one component of the EEM, mills measure indices of growth, survival and …