Case study: Pulp and paper mill impacts

Examination of the environmental effects of effiuent discharges from pulp and paper mills provides an interesting case study in fish toxicology (Figure 24.1). The effects of pulp mill effiuents (PMEs) on aquatic environments have been examined for over 40 years, and extensive studies have been conducted since the mid-1980s. During this period, environmental effects have been observed, regulations have been implemented, and the industry has …