Spin-orbit coupling controlled ground states in the double perovskite iridates A2BIrO6 (A = Ba, Sr; B = Lu, Sc)

Iridates with the 5$d^4$ electronic configuration have attracted recent interest due to reports of magnetically-ordered ground states despite longstanding expectations that their strong spin-orbit coupling would generate a $J = 0$ electronic ground state for each Ir$^{5+}$ ion. The major focus of prior research has been on the double perovskite iridates Ba$_2$YIrO$_6$ and Sr$_2$YIrO$_6$, where the nature of the ground states (i.e. ordered vs non-magnetic) is still controversial. Here we present neutron powder diffraction, high energy resolution fluorescence detected x-ray absorption spectroscopy (HERFD-XAS), resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS), magnetic susceptibility, and muon spin relaxation data on the related double perovskite iridates Ba$_2$LuIrO$_6$, Sr$_2$LuIrO$_6$, Ba$_2$ScIrO$_6$, and Sr$_2$ScIrO$_6$ that enable us to gain a general understanding of the electronic and magnetic properties for this family of materials. Our HERFD-XAS and RIXS measurements establish $J = 0$ electronic ground states for the Ir$^{5+}$ ions in all cases, with similar values for Hund's coupling $J_{\rm H}$ and the spin-orbit coupling constant $\lambda_{\rm SOC}$. Our bulk susceptibility and muon spin relaxation data find no evidence for long-range magnetic order or spin freezing, but they do reveal weak magnetic signals that are consistent with extrinsic local moments. Our results indicate that the large $\lambda_{\rm SOC}$ is the key driving force behind the electronic and magnetic ground states realized in the 5$d^4$ double perovskite iridates, which agrees well with conventional wisdom.