Practice patterns and predictors of treatment intensification in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer.
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76 Background: In recent years, treatment intensification beyond androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with several novel therapies have shown survival benefit in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). Given the rapidly evolving landscape in mCSPC treatment, there is a need to better understand how treatment strategies fit in real-world clinical practice and are combined/sequenced with other available therapies. Methods: Using electronic medical records and administrative data, a population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted. Patients aged ≥18 years of age who were newly diagnosed with de novo mCSPC and initiated ADT post-diagnosis between 2010 to 2020 in Alberta, Canada, were included. Treatment intensification was defined as the receipt of apalutamide, abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, or chemotherapy (e.g. docetaxel) within 180 days of ADT initiation. Results: A total of 2,515 de novo mCSPC were identified during study period with 2,098 (83%) patients initiating ADT post-diagnosis. Of those, 525 (25%) received intensification beyond ADT. The percentage of patients who were intensified was 3% in 2010-2013 and gradually increased to 67% in 2020. Between 2014-2017, docetaxel was the most common therapy for intensification, but its use decreased considerably in 2018-2020 with abiraterone acetate, apalutamide and enzalutamide becoming increasingly available in the mCSPC setting. Upon progression, 46% and 22% in the intensified group versus 38% and 13% in the ADT-alone group initiated one and two-lines of subsequent therapies respectively. Abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide were the most common subsequent therapy for both the intensified (32% and 31% respectively) and the ADT-alone (56% and 38% respectively) groups. Docetaxel (24%) was used as subsequent therapy among mCSPC patients who were intensified with oral systemic agents. In multivariable logistic regression analyses of patients diagnosed in 2014-2020, significant predictors of intensification were younger age at diagnosis, lower Charlson comorbidity index, greater number of metastatic sites, shorter time to ADT initiation, referral to a specialists/cancer centres, surgery or radiation prior to ADT, and more recent year of diagnosis (all p<0.05). Conclusions: In Alberta, Canada, there has been a considerable increase in the utilization of ADT intensification therapies that correspond with the timing of clinical trial data and approvals of novel agents. Early referral to specialists/cancer centres is warranted to intensify mCSPC treatment beyond ADT and to improve patients’ outcomes. [Table: see text]
