Parallels in knowledge cycles

Knowledge management as an academic discipline is realizing phenomenal growth and international acceptance. However, there still exists no universally accepted framework or model. This paper reviews three of the most well known KM models from similar epistemological and ontological views. The three models reviewed are: Nonaka’s SECI (Japan), March’s Ex-Ex (USA) and Boisot’s I-space (Europe). A number of recommendations for future research based on the similarities and differences among these models pertaining to knowledge management are presented.