This chapter addresses key questions about the biology and therapeutic potential of stem cells, undifferentiated cells that can give rise to specialized tissues and organs. We discuss the well-characterized sources of stem cells in human tissues, such as embryonic, bone marrow, and adipose tissue, which maintain the ability to differentiate into a diverse cell population. This chapter also reviews the techniques used to generate stem cells as well as the methods used to deliver these cells, focusing on the advantages that each offers and the challenges that must be overcome. Our goal in this chapter is to introduce readers to the prospects of stem cells in regenerative medicine, as they promise to revolutionize treatment options for a wide range of conditions like diabetes and burns.