Bits and bytes bypass national territorial control. Audio-visual broadcast material—television and radio—is intrinsically international. Yet, broadcasting is controlled nationally, and audio-visual policies are in many cases nationalistic. Governments license media outlets (radio and TV stations), restrict what kinds of content and advertisements can be broadcast over the airwaves, and often limit who can own media and the underlying delivery infrastructure. These policies are in many cases designed to meet broad, widely accepted social goals—for example, diversity, unbiased information, and education.1