Review and Critical Appraisal of Clinical Practice Guidelines of Modalities Used in the Diagnosis of Celiac Disease

Background: There is controversy over the recommendations for specific serological strategies implemented and the need for a biopsy to confirm celiac disease (CeD). We reviewed and appraised the current clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to assess the quality and reliability of recommendations for CeD diagnosis in pediatric and adult populations. Methods: We searched databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL, between December 2010 and January 2021 for CPGs. Four independent reviewers extracted data. Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) criteria were applied by two reviewers, and a standardized score was calculated for each of the six domains. A cut-off of 60% was used to identify high-quality guidelines. Results: A total of 654 records were identified, 10 of which were eligible for data extraction. Both adult and pediatric CPGs averaged above 70% for the domains of 'scope and purpose' and 'clarity and presentation'. For 'stakeholder involvement', the mean adult and pediatric CPG scores were below the cut-off. Only one adult-focused guideline exceeded the cut-off for the 'rigour of development' domain. 'Applicability' scores were most alarming, with adult CPGs averaging 21% and pediatric CPGs averaging 23%. Conclusion: Our review and appraisal of the CPGs for the diagnosis of CeD highlight significant discrepancies in clinical recommendations and some concerns regarding methodological rigour, particularly in stakeholder engagement, rigour, and applicability. Creating a Canadian guideline of high methodological quality that overcomes these weaknesses is critical to optimize patient care and ensuring accurate diagnoses in CeD.