Application of scaled nonlinear conjugate-gradient algorithms to the inverse natural convection problem

The inverse natural convection problem (INCP) in a porous medium is a highly nonlinear problem because of the nonlinear convection and Forchheimer terms. The INCP can be converted into the minimization of a least-squares discrepancy between the observed and the modelled data. It has been solved using different classical optimization strategies that require a monotone descent of the objective function for recovering the unknown profile of the …