Journal article
Impacts of commuting efficiency on congestion and emissions: case of the Hamilton CMA, Canada
Abstract
This study uses IMULATE (Integrated Model of Urban LAnd use, Transportation, energy and Emissions) to examine the impacts of commuting efficiency on congestion and automobile emissions—specifically, non-methane hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides—in the Hamilton Census Metropolitan Area. Estimates of these externalities are compared for two commuting scenarios: a base scenario of estimated commuting flows for 1991 and an optimal …
Authors
Scott DM; Kanaroglou PS; Anderson WP
Journal
Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 245–257
Publisher
Elsevier
Publication Date
December 1997
DOI
10.1016/s1361-9209(97)00015-1
ISSN
1361-9209